New Genetic Research Confirms the Uniqueness of Ireland’s Native Honey Bee
New research published in Scientific Reports highlights the genetic distinctiveness of Ireland's native dark honey bees and the growing challenges posed by hybridisation.
A new scientific study has provided important evidence supporting the conservation of the native dark European honey bee (Apis mellifera mellifera) in Ireland.
The research, entitled Whole-genome sequencing data confirms the uniqueness of Ireland’s native honey bee, was published in Scientific Reports in 2026.
A Distinct Native Population
Researchers examined genetic information from 153 honey bee colonies across Ireland, including both managed and free-living populations.
Using whole-genome sequencing, they compared Irish honey bees with populations from elsewhere in Europe.
Their findings confirmed that genetically pure Irish Apis mellifera mellifera colonies form a distinct population, reinforcing the importance of conserving this native genetic resource.
The Growing Challenge of Hybridisation
Despite the significance of Ireland's native honey bees, the research also identified evidence of genetic mixing with non-native subspecies.
Of the 153 colonies examined, 28 — approximately 18.4% — showed signs of introgression from C-lineage honey bees.
The movement and importation of non-native honey bees can introduce genetic material into established native populations, potentially affecting characteristics that have developed through local adaptation.
The study found considerable variation between locations, highlighting the importance of understanding conservation challenges at a regional level.
Why This Matters for Conservation
The dark European honey bee is valued for its adaptations to northern European conditions, including the ability to survive difficult winters and forage in wet and windy weather.
The researchers emphasise that maintaining genetically distinct native populations is important for preserving biodiversity and genetic diversity.
Their findings also demonstrate the value of modern genetic techniques in identifying and monitoring native honey bee populations.
Implications for SICAMM
For SICAMM and those working to conserve Apis mellifera mellifera throughout Europe, this research provides further scientific evidence supporting the protection of native honey bee populations.
It also reinforces the need for continued genetic monitoring, responsible breeding and conservation initiatives that recognise the distinctiveness of locally adapted honey bees.
Read the full research paper:
Whole-genome sequencing data confirms the uniqueness of Ireland’s native honey bee
Scientific Reports (2026)
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